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International Immunology Advance Access published online on July 28, 2007
International Immunology, doi:10.1093/intimm/dxm084
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© The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Society for Immunology. All rights reserved.
The online version of this article has been published under an open access model. Users are entitled to use, reproduce, disseminate, or display the open access version of this article for non-commercial purposes provided that: the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; the Journal and Oxford University Press and The Japanese Society for Immunology are attributed as the original place of publication with the correct citation details given; if an article is subsequently reproduced or disseminated not in its entirety but only in part or as a derivative work this must be clearly indicated. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

IL-10 permits transient activation of dendritic cells to tolerize T cells and protect from central nervous system autoimmune disease

Georgia Perona-Wright1, Stephen M. Anderton1, Sarah E.M. Howie2 and David Gray1

1 Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences
2 Immunobiology Group, MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK

Correspondence to: Correspondence to: D. Gray; E-mail: d.gray{at}ed.ac.uk

Dendritic cells (DCs) are key players in the development of immunity. They can direct both the size and the quality of an immune response and thus are attractive tools to mediate immunotherapy. DC function has been thought to reflect the cells' maturation, with immunosuppressive agents such as IL-10 understood to retain DCs in an immature and tolerogenic state. Here we report that DC activated in the presence of IL-10 do show functional and phenotypic maturation. Their activation is transient and occurs earlier and more briefly than in cells matured with LPS alone. Despite initially equivalent up-regulation of surface MHC and co-stimulation, the IL-10-treated DCs expressed little IL-12 and failed to stimulate T cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Interaction with IL-10-treated DCs rendered antigen-specific T cells unresponsive to subsequent challenge and their injection reduced the severity of experimental autoimmune disease. Our data suggest that IL-10 acts not by inhibiting maturation but instead by controlling the kinetics and the quality of DC activation. This alternative pathway of DC differentiation offers significant therapeutic promise.

Keywords: activation kinetics, dendritic cells, immunotherapy, interleukin-10

Transmitting editor: A. Cooke

Received 2 February 2007, accepted 25 June 2007.


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