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International Immunology Advance Access originally published online on September 30, 2007
International Immunology 2007 19(11):1291-1301; doi:10.1093/intimm/dxm099
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© The Japanese Society for Immunology. 2007. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Tetramer-guided epitope mapping reveals broad, individualized repertoires of tetanus toxin-specific CD4+ T cells and suggests HLA-based differences in epitope recognition

Eddie A. James1, John Bui1, DeAnna Berger1, Laurie Huston1, Michelle Roti1 and William W. Kwok1,2

1 Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
2 Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA

Correspondence to: W. W. Kwok; E-mail: bkwok{at}benaroyaresearch.org

Tetanus toxoid is a routine positive control antigen for cellular assays. Previous studies identified multiple tetanus toxin (TT) epitopes, including some ‘universal’ epitopes. However, rigorous HLA-restricted study of tetanus toxoid responses is still lacking. In this study, the tetramer-guided epitope mapping approach was used to identify CD4+ T-cell epitopes within the TT heavy chain restricted by 10 different class II alleles. Of 106 peptides tested, 52 contained epitopes. Response frequencies toward specific epitopes varied, indicating prevalent and rare specificities. Most antigenic peptides (85%) were presented by one or two class II alleles. For peptides presented by three or more alleles, truncation studies revealed that some contained multiple epitopes. These results contrast with the perceived notion that tetanus toxoid responses are dominated by universal CD4+ T-cell epitopes. Rather these results illustrate heterogeneous T-cell responses for different class II alleles and individual-specific variation of the T-cell repertoire.

Keywords: class II MHC, epitope, tetanus toxoid, tetanus toxin

Transmitting editor: T. F. Tedder

Received 24 April 2007, accepted 31 August 2007.


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