International Immunology 2008 20(12):NP; doi:10.1093/intimm/dxn126
© The Japanese Society for Immunology. 2008. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
IN THIS ISSUE
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The lymph node conduit system
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In this review,
Kraal and colleagues (p. 1483) describe the
network of fibroblast reticular cells that form the lymph node
conduit system. This functions as a scaffold for immune cells,
a sieve for molecules from afferent lymph, and a transport system
for these and other molecules. The authors describe how these
properties affect immune responses in lymph nodes.
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T11TS-induced apoptotic pathways in glioma
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In rats, injection of T11 target structure (T11TS) causes apoptosis
of intracranial glioma, and involves microglia and brain-infiltrating
lymphocytes (BILs). Here,
Chaudhuri and colleagues (p. 1489) isolate the three cell types from intracranial tumour sites
and examine the apoptotic pathways operating at various times.
BILs and microglia are somewhat protected, and the authors discuss
the importance of such mechanisms.
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CD28-mediated, TCR-signal-independent NF B activation
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The pathway that includes protein kinase C
, CARMA1 and Bcl10
integrates NF
B activation after stimulation of both the TCR
and CD28. Using the Jurkat cell line,
Abe and colleagues (p. 1507) show that stimulation of CD28 alone, but not the TCR alone,
activates NF
B via this pathway; thus CD28 signalling can activate
NF
B independently of TCR signalling.
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Invariant T cells in tumours
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Mucosa-associated invariant T cells (MAIT cells) express V
7.2–J
33
and share many characteristics with ‘classical’
NKT cells.
Illes and colleagues (p. 1517) find both subsets
in human brain and kidney tumours. They demonstrate variable
proportions of certain clonotypes in the two tumour types and
the blood, and examine other phenotypic and activation markers
on the MAIT cells.
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NO-dependent macrophage apoptosis induced by GXM
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Cryptococcus neoformans glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) is found in
the capsular polysaccharide — an essential virulence factor.
Here,
Masih and colleagues (p. 1527) show that GXM promotes
NO production and subsequent apoptosis in macrophages. The authors
delineate the signalling molecules and apoptotic pathways involved.
C. neoformans infection can be serious for immunocompromised
patients, and these results describe a novel immunomodulatory
pathway triggered by infection.
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Tribbles 2 controls monocyte inflammation
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In this article,
Kiss-Toth and colleagues (p. 1543) show that
tribbles 2 (trb-2) is a novel regulator in human monocytes,
inhibiting ERK and JNK activation. The authors detail the molecular
interactions with other mitogen-activated protein kinases; they
also describe the effect of low-density lipoprotein and of IL-8
on trb-2 and the importance of this mechanism for regulating
monocyte functions.
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Porin-containing liposomes trigger Th1 responses
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Immunogenic porins have potential as vaccines when incorporated
into lipososmes.
Biswas and colleagues (p. 1551) use porin-incorporated
liposomes (PILs) to deliver
Shigella dysenteriae porin. In murine
dendritic cells, PILs trigger signalling via Toll-like receptors,
production of various cytokines and an ability to trigger T
h1
responses. The adjuvant activity of PILs thus bridges innate
and adaptive immunity.
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IL-18 induces Ccl1 production in mast cells
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Falus and colleagues (p. 1565) use gene-expression profiling
to examine the effects of IL-18 on mucosal mast cells; over
100 genes are affected. The most prominent chemokine gene upregulated
encodes C–C chemokine ligand 1 (Ccl1), whether the IgE
receptor is cross-linked or not. The authors discuss the implications
for a potential role of IL-18 in T
h2-mediated anti-helminth
responses.
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Aberrant switching in stimulated precursor B cells
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Toll-like receptors (TLRs) stimulate class-switch recombination
(CSR) in mature B cells. Here,
Melamed and colleagues (p. 1575) stimulate precursor B cells with TLR ligands and find that CSR
similar to that in peripheral B cells occurs but results in
aberrant switch regions. The authors also reveal a role for
Fas in regulating these B cells.
CiteULike 
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The lymph node conduit...
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