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International Immunology Advance Access published online on July 2, 2007
International Immunology, doi:10.1093/intimm/dxm058
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© The Japanese Society for Immunology. 2007. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Involvement of oxidative and nitrosative stress in modulation of gene expression and functional responses by IFN{gamma}

S. Jyothi Prasanna, Banishree Saha and Dipankar Nandi

Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India

Correspondence to: Correspondence to: D. Nandi; E-mail: nandi{at}biochem.iisc.ernet.in

IFN{gamma} is a potent immunomodulator which plays important roles in host defense. IFN{gamma} modulates transcription of growth-related genes [N-myc downstream regulator 1, growth arrest and DNA damage inducible {gamma} and inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (Id2)], which is followed by increased growth suppression in the mouse hepatoma cell line, H6. Further studies revealed modulation of genes involved in oxidative and nitrosative stress (iNos, gp91phox and Catalase) and increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNIs) upon IFN{gamma} treatment. High amounts of ROS and RNI are responsible for IFN{gamma}-mediated reduction in cell growth as this process is blocked, using either diphenylene iodonium (DPI), an inhibitor of flavin-containing NADPH oxidases, or N-methyl L-arginine (LNMA), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. Based on studies with LNMA and DPI, IFN{gamma}-modulated genes can be categorized into two distinct sets: oxidative and nitrosative stress independent (transporter associated with antigen processing 2, Cd80, Lmp10 and Icosl) and oxidative and nitrosative stress dependent (iNos, gp91phox, Catalase and Id2). In addition, DPI or LNMA blocked IFN{gamma}-induced activation of Ras, demonstrating the involvement of oxidative and nitrosative stress. Manumycin A, a farnesyl transferase inhibitor, blocked Ras activation and reduced NADPH oxidase activity and ROS amounts leading to increased cell growth in the presence of IFN{gamma}. Notably, the IFN{gamma}-induced MHC class I levels are not modulated in cells treated with DPI, LNMA or manumycin A. Together, these results delineate the role of high amounts of ROS, RNI and Ras activation in modulating expression of some genes and, thereby, function by IFN{gamma}. The implications of these results during modulation of immune responses by IFN{gamma} are discussed.

Keywords: cytokine, growth suppression, inflammation, redox, transcriptional profiling

Transmitting editor: D. Wallach

Received 6 July 2006, accepted 18 April 2007.


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