International Immunology, Vol 9, 1393-1403, Copyright © 1997 by Oxford University Press
MA Coppola and MA Blackman
Superantigens stimulate naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in a TCR V beta-
specific manner. However, it has been reported that memory T cells are
unresponsive to superantigen stimulation. In this study, we show that
staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) can activate influenza virus-specific CD8+
memory cytotoxic T cells. In vivo SEB challenge of mice that had recovered
from influenza virus infection (memory mice) resulted in the generation of
vigorous influenza-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity and in
vitro SEA or SEB stimulation of splenic T cells from memory mice, but not
naive mice, also induced influenza-specific CTL. Analysis of the mechanism
of activation suggested that although there may be a component of
cytokine-mediated bystander activation, the CTL activity is largely
generated in response to direct TCR engagement by superantigen. Moreover,
influenza-specific CTL could be generated from purified CD8+ CD62L loCD44hi
(memory phenotype) T cells cultured in the presence of T cell-depleted
splenic antigen-presenting cells and SE. Purified CD8+ memory T cells also
secreted lymphokines and synthesized DNA in response to superantigen. These
results definitively demonstrate that CD8+ memory T cells respond to SE
stimulation by proliferating and developing appropriate effector function.
Furthermore, the data raise the possibility that otherwise inconsequential
exposure to bacterial superantigens may perturb the CD8+ T cell memory
pool.
ARTICLES
Bacterial superantigens reactivate antigen-specific CD8+ memory T cells
Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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