International Immunology, Vol 9, 1897-1906, Copyright © 1997 by Oxford University Press
JS Boyle, C Koniaras and AM Lew
We examined the role of the cellular localization of antigen on the immune
response after DNA immunization of mice with three forms of ovalbumin
(OVA). DNA encoding OVA which was secreted (sOVA) generated 10- to 100-fold
higher IgG responses with 50-and 100-fold higher levels of IgG1 than the
cytoplasmic (cOVA) or membrane bound (mOVA) forms. An IgG2a predominance
was seen only in cOVA and mOVA immunized mice. Although the antibody
response was CD4+ T cell dependent, the differences in the antibody
response could not be compensated for by provision of excess CD4+ T cell
help in TCR transgenic mice. Together with our hapten-carrier studies, this
would indicate that membrane or intracellular localization limits the
availability of antigen for B cell priming which affects the magnitude and
form of the antibody response. Surprisingly, stronger cytotoxic T
lymphocyte (CTL) responses were generated for sOVA or mOVA than for cOVA
via intramuscular (i.m.) injection. Since a cytoplasmic antigen should have
best access to the canonical class I pathway for antigen presentation, our
results indicate that priming of CTL responses after i.m. DNA immunization
is probably by cross-presentation of antigen by non-transfected
professional antigen-presenting cells. In contrast, intradermal
immunization with cOVA produced optimal CTL responses but, as with mOVA,
suboptimal antibody responses. This, together with our ex vivo RT- PCR
analysis showing similar mRNA levels from all three constructs 7 days
post-immunization, argues against the differential CTL response for i.m.
injection to be due to dose.
ARTICLES
Influence of cellular location of expressed antigen on the efficacy of DNA vaccination: cytotoxic T lymphocyte and antibody responses are suboptimal when antigen is cytoplasmic after intramuscular DNA immunization
Burnet Clinical Research Unit, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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