International Immunology, Vol 9, 1825-1836, Copyright © 1997 by Oxford University Press
CF Weng, JL Komisar, RE Hunt, AJ Johnson, ML Pitt, DL Ruble and J Tseng
The immediate responses to aerosolized staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB)
in respiratory toxic shock were studied in the circulation of rhesus
monkeys with low antibody levels following immunization with SEB
toxoid-containing microspheres. Both the surviving and dying monkeys had
toxic shock syndrome 4-48 h after SEB challenge and all showed three
distinctive patterns of immediate responses. The first pattern,
characterized by the responses of all T cells, HLA-DRlo cells, monocytes,
IL-2R+ cells, IFN-gamma, and augmented lymphocyte mitotic responses to
lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and SEB in culture, was a rapid increase at 20 min
followed by a quick decrease at 90 min to approximately the original
levels. The second pattern, which included responses of HLA-DRhi cells, NK
cells, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol, was characterized
by a moderate decrease at 20 min and a further decrease at 90 min. The
third pattern, the inverse of the second pattern, including responses of
polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), concanavalin A (Con A) mitogenesis,
IL-6 and IL-2, was a moderate increase at 20 min and a further increase at
90 min. Between the surviving and dying monkeys, the responses of T cells,
HLA-DRhi cells, PMN and cortisol did not differ significantly, suggesting
that they are the basic causes that initiated toxic shock. However,
significant differences were seen in the responses of HLA-DRlo cells,
monocytes, IL-2R+ cells and lymphocyte mitogenesis in culture at 20 min,
and of Con A mitogenesis, NK cells, IL-2, IL-6 and ACTH at 90 min. These
different responses are apparently the exacerbating causes of death of the
monkeys. All together, the immediate responses seem to be caused by the
combined effects of SEB superantigenicity, activation of NK cells and
non-lymphoid cells, and depression of the neuroimmune defense system.
ARTICLES
Immediate responses of leukocytes, cytokines and glucocorticoid hormones in the blood circulation of monkeys following challenge with aerosolized staphylococcal enterotoxin B
Department of Experimental Pathology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC 20307-5100, USA.
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