International Immunology Advance Access originally published online on October 25, 2004
International Immunology 2004 16(12):1741-1749; doi:10.1093/intimm/dxh175
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© 2004 The Japanese Society for Immunology
NF-
B elements associated with the Stat6 site in the germline 
1 immunoglobulin promoter are not necessary for the transcriptional response to CD40 ligand
1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Corresponding author: M. T. Berton; Email: berton{at}uthscsa.edu
Both germline transcription and switch recombination of heavy chain genes are likely to be regulated by cis elements binding transcription factors in the promoter regions of germline immunoglobulin genes. To identify cis-acting elements important in germline transcription of the murine 
1 heavy chain gene, we have used a transgenic approach. Seventeen kb 1 immunoglobulin transgenes with mutations in three NF-
B sites in the 1 proximal promoter, a putative CD40 response element, are expressed well. Compared to wild-type transgenes, there is no deficiency in the expression of the transgenes with mutations of the three NF-B sites after induction of splenic B cells with IL-4 alone, CD40L, or CD40L + IL-4. There may be a small reduction in the response of these mutant transgenes after induction with LPS + IL-4. We also prepared transgenes that were truncated at –150 (rather than –2100) and therefore included the wild-type Stat6 binding site at –123 and the three wild-type NF-B sites. Nevertheless, 1 germline transcripts were not expressed from these transgenes. We conclude that the three proximal NF-B sites are dispensable for expression of 1 germline transcripts under most conditions. However, cis-acting elements distal to –150 must be critical to this transcription.
Keywords: B lymphocyte, CD40 signaling, class switch recombination, germline transcription, NF-B
Transmitting editor: P. Kincade
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