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International Immunology, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 91-99, January 2004
© 2004 Japanese Society for Immunology

Cell culture modeling of specialized tissue: identification of genes expressed specifically by follicle-associated epithelium of Peyer’s patch by expression profiling of Caco-2/Raji co-cultures

David Lo1, Wendy Tynan1, Janet Dickerson1, Melinda Scharf1, Judith Cooper1, Daragh Byrne2, David Brayden2,3, Lisa Higgins2, Claire Evans1 and Daniel J. O’Mahony2

1 Digital Gene Technologies, Inc., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA 2 Elan Corp., Elan Biotechnology Research, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland 3 Department of Small Animal Clinical Studies, The Veterinary School, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland

Correspondence to: D. Lo; E-mail: davidlo{at}dgt.com
Transmitting editor: L. H. Glimcher

Peyer’s patch follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) regulates intestinal antigen access to the immune system in part through the action of microfold (M) cells which mediate transcytosis of antigens and microorganisms. Studies on M cells have been limited by the difficulties in isolating purified cells, so we applied TOGA mRNA expression profiling to identify genes associated with the in vitro induction of M cell-like features in Caco-2 cells and tested them against normal Peyer’s patch tissue for their expression in FAE. Among the genes identified by this method, laminin ß3, a matrix metalloproteinase and a tetraspan family member, showed enriched expression in FAE of mouse Peyer’s patches. Moreover, the C. perfringens enterotoxin receptor (CPE-R) appeared to be expressed more strongly by UEA-1+ M cells relative to neighboring FAE. Expression of the tetraspan TM4SF3 gene and CPE-R was also confirmed in human Peyer’s patch FAE. Our results suggest that while the Caco-2 differentiation model is associated with some functional features of M cells, the genes induced may instead reflect the acquisition of a more general FAE phenotype, sharing only select features with the M cell subset.

Keywords: comparative immunology, mucosa, vaccination


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