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International Immunology, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 79-89, January 2003
© 2003 Japanese Society for Immunology

Superantigenic activity is responsible for induction of coronary arteritis in mice: an animal model of Kawasaki disease

Trang T. Duong1, Earl D. Silverman2,3, Martindale V. Bissessar1 and Rae S. M. Yeung1,2

1 Cancer and Blood Research Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada 2 Division of Rheumatology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada 3 Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada

Correspondence to: R. S. M. Yeung; E-mail: rae.yeung{at}sickkids.ca
Transmitting editor: P. S. Ohashi

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a multisystem vasculitis and the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children of the developed world. Lactobacillus casei cell wall extract-induced coronary arteritis in mice mirrors KD in children. Here, we report that responses to L. casei cell wall extract possess all the hallmarks of a superantigen-mediated response: marked proliferation of naive T cells, non-classical major histocompatibility restriction with a hierarchy in the efficiency of different class II molecules to present this superantigen, a requirement for antigen presentation, but not processing, and stimulation of T cells in a non-clonal, TCR Vß chain-dependent fashion. This superantigenic activity directly correlates with the ability to induce coronary arteritis in mice. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that superantigenic activity in L. casei cell wall extract is responsible for induction of coronary artery disease.

Keywords: autoimmunity, inflammation, superantigen, T lymphocyte, vasculitis


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