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International Immunology, Vol. 11, No. 9, 1475-1478, September 1999
© 1999 Japanese Society for Immunology

{gamma}{delta} T cells increase with Mycobacterium avium complex infection but not with tuberculosis in AIDS patients

J.-L. Pellegrin, J.-L. Taupin1, M. Dupon, J.-M. Ragnaud, J. Maugein2, M. Bonneville3 and J.-F. Moreau1

Services de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses,
1 Laboratoire d'Immunologie and
2 Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
3 INSERM U463, Hôtel-Dieu, Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France

Correspondence to: J.-F. Moreau

The aim of the present study was to better oinvokedcharacterize the expansion of double-negative (DN) T cells in vivo in AIDS patients and to ascertain the discrepant response of an immunodepressed immune system towards two distinct mycobacterial infections. In a large cohort of HIV-1 seropositive patients with low CD4+ T cell counts (<100/mm3), we have recently reported on an expansion of DN T cells which was observed only in patients with disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection, toxoplasmosis and Kaposi sarcoma, but not in patients with tuberculosis. The potential differential {gamma}{delta} T cells response observed in vivo in AIDS patients with tuberculosis or disseminated M. avium complex infection was investigated by collecting the concomitant or the closest T lymphocyte counts performed within 2 weeks of bacterial diagnosis of 112 disseminated M. avium infection and 41 tuberculosis patients. The DN and {gamma}{delta} T cell percentages were different between the two groups (P < 10–4) and the expansion of this compartment was found only with disseminated M. avium infections. An analysis of the variable {delta}2 segment versus pan-{delta} bearing T cells ratio disclosed a predominance of non-V{delta}2 T cells in these patients whose average values were identical in both groups. It is therefore concluded that the difference seen between these two types of mycobacterial infections concerning the DN T cells only involved the {gamma}{delta} T cells although the mechanism of their preferential expansion in disseminated M. avium infections remains a matter of speculation.

Keywords: {gamma}{delta} TCR, AIDS, immunosuppression, mycobacterial infections, opportunistic infections, T lymphocytes, tuberculosis

Transmitting editor: A. Fischer


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