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International Immunology, Vol. 11, No. 3, 341-349, March 1999
© 1999 Japanese Society for Immunology

Differential CD86/B7-2 expression and cytokine secretion induced by Toxoplasma gondii in macrophages from resistant or susceptible BALB H-2 congenic mice

Hans-Georg Fischer, Ruth Dörfler, Bartholomäus Schade and Ulrich Hadding

Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, Heinrich-Heine-University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany

Correspondence to: H.-G. Fischer

The influence of the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii on macrophage expression of co-stimulatory molecules was studied. Unlike surface expression of CD80/B7-1, that of CD86/B7-2 is increased in mouse peritoneal macrophages 24 h following exposure to live toxoplasma in vitro. Most CD86 molecules are found on infected cells bearing a maximum parasite load. Consistent with the elevated membrane expression, the quantity of CD86 gene transcript is increased in macrophages infected by T. gondii in vitro or in vivo. CD86 up-regulation contributes to the augmented capacity of parasitized macrophages to present antigen to tuberculin-specific CD4+ T cells as demonstrated by blocking CD86 ligand interaction. T. gondii triggers up-regulation of CD86 in macrophages from BALB/c mice which are resistant to the development of toxoplasmic encephalitis. Infection of macrophages from the susceptible strain BALB.B, however, results in a decreased surface expression of CD86, although the parasite load and intracellular proliferation proved comparable in both macrophages. This differential host cell reaction correlates with disparate profiles in T. gondii-induced cytokine secretion. Upon challenge with toxoplasma, IL-1{alpha} and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-{alpha} are released to a significantly higher extent by BALB/c than by BALB.B macrophages, whereas the latter secrete more IL-12 and IL-10. In BALB.B macrophages, T. gondii-induced IL-10 down-regulates surface expression of CD86, thus indicating an interference of parasite-dependent cytokine release and modulation of CD86. The biased secretory response in macrophages from the two congenic strains implies an MHC-dependent and dichotomous monokine induction by T. gondii. Up-regulation of CD86 seems to occur along the IL-1/TNF-inducing pathway and experimental evidence indicates that this enhances T cell activation by parasitized macrophages.

Keywords: CD80/B7-1, host cell reaction, IL-1{alpha}, IL-10, IL-12, monokine profiles, tumor necrosis factor-{alpha}

Transmitting editor: S. H. E. Kaufmann


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