International Immunology, Vol 10, 851-859, Copyright © 1998 by Oxford University Press
E Sverremark and C Fernandez
We have compared the splenic responses following immunization with the T
cell-independent (TI)-2 antigen native dextran B512 and with a thymus-
dependent (TD) protein-dextran conjugate. Interestingly, primary
immunization with native dextran induced germinal center (GC) formation in
the spleen to the same extent as the protein-dextran conjugate. The GC were
antigen-specific as characterized by the presence of peanut agglutinin
(PNA)-positive areas that were also binding FITC-conjugated dextran.
Dextran-binding B cells were also detected outside the GC as sites of
antibody-producing cells. The secondary splenic response to native dextran
was suppressed compared to the primary response, with almost no
dextran-specific GC or extra-follicular sites with dextran- specific B
cells present in the sections. This suppression could be reverted by using
cholera toxin (CT) as an adjuvant for the dextran immunizations. Following
native dextran immunization with CT adjuvant a secondary splenic GC
response similar to a TD secondary splenic GC response was generated, with
almost all the dextran-specific B cells located in the GC. Collectively,
this indicates that the difference between TI and TD antigen responses is
not due to different abilities in inducing GC development, rather the GC
reaction is less productive for a TI antigen than for a TD antigen. CT can
both increase secondary GC formation in particular for the TI form of
dextran and ameliorate the GC reaction, as reflected by increased
anti-dextran antibody levels.
ARTICLES
Germinal center formation following immunization with the polysaccharide dextran B512 is substantially increased by cholera toxin
Department of Immunology, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Sweden.
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