International Immunology, Vol 10, 1969-1980, Copyright © 1998 by Oxford University Press
T Takahashi, Y Kuniyasu, M Toda, N Sakaguchi, M Itoh, M Iwata, J Shimizu and S Sakaguchi
Elimination of CD25+ T cells, which constitute 5-10% of peripheral CD4+ T
cells in normal naive mice, leads to spontaneous development of various
autoimmune diseases. These immunoregulatory CD25+CD4+ T cells are naturally
unresponsive (anergic) in vitro to TCR stimulation, and, upon stimulation,
suppress proliferation of CD25-CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells. The antigen
concentration required for stimulating CD25+CD4+ T cells to exert
suppression is much lower than that required for stimulating CD25-CD4+ T
cells to proliferate. The suppression, which results in reduced IL-2
production by CD25-CD4+ T cells, is dependent on cellular interactions on
antigen-presenting cells (and not mediated by far-reaching or long-lasting
humoral factors or apoptosis-inducing signals) and antigen non-specific in
its effector phase. Addition of high doses of IL-2 or anti-CD28 antibody to
the in vitro T cell stimulation culture not only breaks the anergic state
of CD25+CD4+ T cells, but also abrogates their suppressive activity
simultaneously. Importantly, the anergic/suppressive state of CD25+CD4+ T
cells appeared to be their basal default condition, since removal of IL-2
or anti-CD28 antibody from the culture milieu allows them to revert to the
original anergic/suppressive state. Furthermore, transfer of such
anergy/suppression-broken T cells from normal mice produces various
autoimmune diseases in syngeneic athymic nude mice. These results taken
together indicate that one aspect of immunologic self-tolerance is
maintained by this unique CD25+CD4+ naturally anergic/suppressive T cell
population and its functional abnormality directly leads to the development
of autoimmune disease.
ARTICLES
Immunologic self-tolerance maintained by CD25+CD4+ naturally anergic and suppressive T cells: induction of autoimmune disease by breaking their anergic/suppressive state
Department of Immunopathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Japan.
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M. S. Turner, P. A. Cohen, and O. J. Finn Lack of Effective MUC1 Tumor Antigen-Specific Immunity in MUC1-Transgenic Mice Results from a Th/T Regulatory Cell Imbalance That Can Be Corrected by Adoptive Transfer of Wild-Type Th Cells J. Immunol., March 1, 2007; 178(5): 2787 - 2793. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Haribhai, W. Lin, L. M. Relland, N. Truong, C. B. Williams, and T. A. Chatila Regulatory T Cells Dynamically Control the Primary Immune Response to Foreign Antigen J. Immunol., March 1, 2007; 178(5): 2961 - 2972. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 C. Fozza, E. Nadal, M. Longinotti, and F. Dazzi T-cell receptor repertoire usage after allografting differs between CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells and their CD4+CD25 counterpart Haematologica, February 1, 2007; 92(2): 206 - 214. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Bodor, Z. Fehervari, B. Diamond, and S. Sakaguchi Regulatory T cell-mediated suppression: potential role of ICER J. Leukoc. Biol., January 1, 2007; 81(1): 161 - 167. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 H Keino, M Takeuchi, Y Usui, T Hattori, N Yamakawa, T Kezuka, J-I Sakai, and M Usui Supplementation of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells suppresses experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis Br J Ophthalmol, January 1, 2007; 91(1): 105 - 110. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. A. Clark and T. S. Kupper IL-15 and dermal fibroblasts induce proliferation of natural regulatory T cells isolated from human skin Blood, January 1, 2007; 109(1): 194 - 202. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. J. Kobie, P. R. Shah, L. Yang, J. A. Rebhahn, D. J. Fowell, and T. R. Mosmann T Regulatory and Primed Uncommitted CD4 T Cells Express CD73, Which Suppresses Effector CD4 T Cells by Converting 5'-Adenosine Monophosphate to Adenosine J. Immunol., November 15, 2006; 177(10): 6780 - 6786. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. L. Sukiennicki and D. J. Fowell Distinct Molecular Program Imposed on CD4+ T Cell Targets by CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells J. Immunol., November 15, 2006; 177(10): 6952 - 6961. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Bharat, R. C. Fields, E. P. Trulock, G. A. Patterson, and T. Mohanakumar Induction of IL-10 Suppressors in Lung Transplant Patients by CD4+25+ Regulatory T Cells through CTLA-4 Signaling J. Immunol., October 15, 2006; 177(8): 5631 - 5638. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 D. Mahajan, Y. Wang, X. Qin, Y. Wang, G. Zheng, Y. M. Wang, S. I. Alexander, and D. C.H. Harris CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells Protect against Injury in an Innate Murine Model of Chronic Kidney Disease J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., October 1, 2006; 17(10): 2731 - 2741. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Toda and C. A. Piccirillo Development and function of naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells J. Leukoc. Biol., September 1, 2006; 80(3): 458 - 470. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. Billiard, E. Litvinova, D. Saadoun, F. Djelti, D. Klatzmann, J. L. Cohen, G. Marodon, and B. L. Salomon Regulatory and Effector T Cell Activation Levels Are Prime Determinants of In Vivo Immune Regulation J. Immunol., August 15, 2006; 177(4): 2167 - 2174. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Oida, L. Xu, H. L. Weiner, A. Kitani, and W. Strober TGF-beta-Mediated Suppression by CD4+CD25+ T Cells Is Facilitated by CTLA-4 Signaling J. Immunol., August 15, 2006; 177(4): 2331 - 2339. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 D. T. Nardelli, T. F. Warner, S. M. Callister, and R. F. Schell Anti-CD25 Antibody Treatment of Mice Vaccinated and Challenged with Borrelia spp. Does Not Exacerbate Arthritis but Inhibits Borreliacidal Antibody Production. Clin. Vaccine Immunol., August 1, 2006; 13(8): 884 - 891. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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W. Liu, A. L. Putnam, Z. Xu-yu, G. L. Szot, M. R. Lee, S. Zhu, P. A. Gottlieb, P. Kapranov, T. R. Gingeras, B. F. de St. Groth, et al. CD127 expression inversely correlates with FoxP3 and suppressive function of human CD4+ T reg cells J. Exp. Med., July 10, 2006; 203(7): 1701 - 1711. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Y.-S. Tsang, N. O. S. Camara, E. Eren, H. Schneider, C. Rudd, G. Lombardi, and R. Lechler Altered proximal T cell receptor (TCR) signaling in human CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells J. Leukoc. Biol., July 1, 2006; 80(1): 145 - 151. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 P. Alard, J. N. Manirarora, S. A. Parnell, J. L. Hudkins, S. L. Clark, and M. M. Kosiewicz Deficiency in NOD Antigen-Presenting Cell Function May Be Responsible for Suboptimal CD4+CD25+ T-Cell-Mediated Regulation and Type 1 Diabetes Development in NOD Mice. Diabetes, July 1, 2006; 55(7): 2098 - 2105. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. Wing, Z. Fehervari, and S. Sakaguchi Emerging possibilities in the development and function of regulatory T cells Int. Immunol., July 1, 2006; 18(7): 991 - 1000. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 M. Kaparakis, K. L. Laurie, O. Wijburg, J. Pedersen, M. Pearse, I. R. van Driel, P. A. Gleeson, and R. A. Strugnell CD4+ CD25+ Regulatory T Cells Modulate the T-Cell and Antibody Responses in Helicobacter-Infected BALB/c Mice. Infect. Immun., June 1, 2006; 74(6): 3519 - 3529. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Nishioka, J. Shimizu, R. Iida, S. Yamazaki, and S. Sakaguchi CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T Cells and CD4+CD25-Foxp3+ T Cells in Aged Mice. J. Immunol., June 1, 2006; 176(11): 6586 - 6593. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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