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International Immunology, Vol 10, 1593-1598, Copyright © 1998 by Oxford University Press


ARTICLES

High-level IL-12 production by human dendritic cells requires two signals

A Snijders, P Kalinski, CM Hilkens and ML Kapsenberg
Academic Medical Center, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

IL-12 is a key cytokine in the development of Th1 responses. IL-12 production by antigen-presenting cells (APC) can be induced by the interaction between CD40 on the APC and CD40 ligand (CD40L) expressed on T cells after activation. Our previous study indicated that in dendritic cells (DC), the only APC that can activate naive T(h) cells efficiently, the mere CD40 engagement is insufficient to induce IL-12 production. The aim of the present study was to dissect the conditions for efficient IL-12 production by DC further. Using populations of naive and memory Th cells, recombinant CD40L, neutralizing and blocking antibodies, and by determining IFN-gamma production and CD40L expression levels, we here show that T cell-induced IL-12 production by DC results from the action of two signals, mediated by CD40L and IFN- gamma, and that the inability of naive T(h) cells to induce IL-12 production resides in their inability to produce IFN-(gamma). Other factors than CD40L and IFN-gamma can provide the required signals for IL-12 production by DC, as either factor could be replaced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The two-signal requirement proved unique for the production of IL-12, since either CD40 engagement or LPS was sufficient for the efficient production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-8 and the p40 subunit of IL-12, and may be considered as a safety mechanism for optimal control of potentially harmful T(h)1 responses.
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S. Corinti, L. Chiarantini, S. Dominici, M. E. Laguardia, M. Magnani, and G. Girolomoni
Erythrocytes deliver Tat to interferon-{gamma}-treated human dendritic cells for efficient initiation of specific type 1 immune responses in vitro
J. Leukoc. Biol., April 1, 2002; 71(4): 652 - 658.
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Int ImmunolHome page
T. Luft, P. Luetjens, H. Hochrein, T. Toy, K.-A. Masterman, M. Rizkalla, C. Maliszewski, K. Shortman, J. Cebon, and E. Maraskovsky
IFN-{alpha} enhances CD40 ligand-mediated activation of immature monocyte-derived dendritic cells
Int. Immunol., April 1, 2002; 14(4): 367 - 380.
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JEMHome page
R. B. Mailliard, S. Egawa, Q. Cai, A. Kalinska, S. N. Bykovskaya, M. T. Lotze, M. L. Kapsenberg, W. J. Storkus, and P. Kalinski
Complementary Dendritic Cell-activating Function of CD8+ and CD4+ T Cells: Helper Role of CD8+ T Cells in the Development of T Helper Type 1 Responses
J. Exp. Med., February 19, 2002; 195(4): 473 - 483.
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Infect. Immun.Home page
A. Q. Khan, Y. Shen, Z.-Q. Wu, T. A. Wynn, and C. M. Snapper
Endogenous Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines Differentially Regulate an In Vivo Humoral Response to Streptococcus pneumoniae
Infect. Immun., February 1, 2002; 70(2): 749 - 761.
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T. Luft, M. Jefford, P. Luetjens, H. Hochrein, K.-A. Masterman, C. Maliszewski, K. Shortman, J. Cebon, and E. Maraskovsky
IL-1{beta} Enhances CD40 Ligand-Mediated Cytokine Secretion by Human Dendritic Cells (DC): A Mechanism for T Cell-Independent DC Activation
J. Immunol., January 15, 2002; 168(2): 713 - 722.
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Physiol. Rev.Home page
M. F. Lipscomb and B. J. Masten
Dendritic Cells: Immune Regulators in Health and Disease
Physiol Rev, January 1, 2002; 82(1): 97 - 130.
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BloodHome page
M. B. Faries, I. Bedrosian, S. Xu, G. Koski, J. G. Roros, M. A. Moise, H. Q. Nguyen, F. H. C. Engels, P. A. Cohen, and B. J. Czerniecki
Calcium signaling inhibits interleukin-12 production and activates CD83+ dendritic cells that induce Th2 cell development
Blood, October 15, 2001; 98(8): 2489 - 2497.
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Infect. Immun.Home page
R. T. Semnani, H. Sabzevari, R. Iyer, and T. B. Nutman
Filarial Antigens Impair the Function of Human Dendritic Cells during Differentiation
Infect. Immun., September 1, 2001; 69(9): 5813 - 5822.
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BloodHome page
A. E. Morelli, A. F. Zahorchak, A. T. Larregina, B. L. Colvin, A. J. Logar, T. Takayama, L. D. Falo, and A. W. Thomson
Cytokine production by mouse myeloid dendritic cells in relation to differentiation and terminal maturation induced by lipopolysaccharide or CD40 ligation
Blood, September 1, 2001; 98(5): 1512 - 1523.
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S. K. Bliss, L. C. Gavrilescu, A. Alcaraz, and E. Y. Denkers
Neutrophil Depletion during Toxoplasma gondii Infection Leads to Impaired Immunity and Lethal Systemic Pathology
Infect. Immun., August 1, 2001; 69(8): 4898 - 4905.
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G. L. J. Dixon, P. J. Newton, B. M. Chain, D. Katz, S. R. Andersen, S. Wong, P. van der Ley, N. Klein, and R. E. Callard
Dendritic Cell Activation and Cytokine Production Induced by Group B Neisseria meningitidis: Interleukin-12 Production Depends on Lipopolysaccharide Expression in Intact Bacteria
Infect. Immun., July 1, 2001; 69(7): 4351 - 4357.
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J. Virol.Home page
Z. Mikloska, L. Bosnjak, and A. L. Cunningham
Immature Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Are Productively Infected with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1
J. Virol., July 1, 2001; 75(13): 5958 - 5964.
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BloodHome page
P. Kalinski, P. L. Vieira, J. H. N. Schuitemaker, E. C. de Jong, and M. L. Kapsenberg
Prostaglandin E2 is a selective inducer of interleukin-12 p40 (IL-12p40) production and an inhibitor of bioactive IL-12p70 heterodimer
Blood, June 1, 2001; 97(11): 3466 - 3469.
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D. H. Libraty, S. Pichyangkul, C. Ajariyakhajorn, T. P. Endy, and F. A. Ennis
Human Dendritic Cells Are Activated by Dengue Virus Infection: Enhancement by Gamma Interferon and Implications for Disease Pathogenesis
J. Virol., April 15, 2001; 75(8): 3501 - 3508.
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A. Snijders, D. G. Elferink, A. Geluk, A. L. van der Zanden, K. Vos, G. M. T. Schreuder, F. C. Breedveld, R. R. P. de Vries, and E. H. Zanelli
An HLA-DRB1-Derived Peptide Associated with Protection Against Rheumatoid Arthritis Is Naturally Processed by Human APCs
J. Immunol., April 15, 2001; 166(8): 4987 - 4993.
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C. Martinon-Ego, R. Berthier, F. Cretin, V. Collin, A.-M. Laharie, and P. N. Marche
Murine Dendritic Cells Derived from Myeloid Progenitors of the Thymus Are Unable to Produce Bioactive IL-12p70
J. Immunol., April 15, 2001; 166(8): 5008 - 5017.
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Y. Yu, M. Hagihara, K. Ando, B. Gansuvd, H. Matsuzawa, T. Tsuchiya, Y. Ueda, H. Inoue, T. Hotta, and S. Kato
Enhancement of Human Cord Blood CD34+ Cell-Derived NK Cell Cytotoxicity by Dendritic Cells
J. Immunol., February 1, 2001; 166(3): 1590 - 1600.
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S. Goriely, B. Vincart, P. Stordeur, J. Vekemans, F. Willems, M. Goldman, and D. De Wit
Deficient IL-12(p35) Gene Expression by Dendritic Cells Derived from Neonatal Monocytes
J. Immunol., February 1, 2001; 166(3): 2141 - 2146.
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S. Ebner, G. Ratzinger, B. Krosbacher, M. Schmuth, A. Weiss, D. Reider, R. A. Kroczek, M. Herold, C. Heufler, P. Fritsch, et al.
Production of IL-12 by Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Is Optimal When the Stimulus Is Given at the Onset of Maturation, and Is Further Enhanced by IL-4
J. Immunol., January 1, 2001; 166(1): 633 - 641.
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BloodHome page
P. J. Mosca, A. C. Hobeika, T. M. Clay, S. K. Nair, E. K. Thomas, M. A. Morse, and H. K. Lyerly
A subset of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells expresses high levels of interleukin-12 in response to combined CD40 ligand and interferon-gamma treatment
Blood, November 15, 2000; 96(10): 3499 - 3504.
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D. S. Whittaker, K. S. Bahjat, L. L. Moldawer, and M. J. Clare-Salzler
Autoregulation of Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cell Maturation and IL-12 Production by Cyclooxygenase- 2-Mediated Prostanoid Production
J. Immunol., October 15, 2000; 165(8): 4298 - 4304.
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Cancer Res.Home page
P. Brossart, A. Zobywalski, F. Grünebach, L. Behnke, G. Stuhler, V. L. Reichardt, L. Kanz, and W. Brugger
Tumor Necrosis Factor {{alpha}} and CD40 Ligand Antagonize the Inhibitory Effects of Interleukin 10 on T-Cell Stimulatory Capacity of Dendritic Cells
Cancer Res., August 1, 2000; 60(16): 4485 - 4492.
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G. B. Lipford, T. Sparwasser, S. Zimmermann, K. Heeg, and H. Wagner
CpG-DNA-Mediated Transient Lymphadenopathy Is Associated with a State of Th1 Predisposition to Antigen-Driven Responses
J. Immunol., August 1, 2000; 165(3): 1228 - 1235.
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P. Terheyden, P. t. Straten, E.-B. Brocker, E. Kampgen, and J. C. Becker
CD40-Ligated Dendritic Cells Effectively Expand Melanoma-Specific CD8+ CTLs and CD4+ IFN-{gamma}-Producing T Cells from Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes
J. Immunol., June 15, 2000; 164(12): 6633 - 6639.
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Y. Tada, A. Asahina, K. Nakamura, M. Tomura, H. Fujiwara, and K. Tamaki
Granulocyte/Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Inhibits IL-12 production of Mouse Langerhans Cells
J. Immunol., May 15, 2000; 164(10): 5113 - 5119.
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P. L. Vieira, E. C. de Jong, E. A. Wierenga, M. L. Kapsenberg, and P. Kalinski
Development of Th1-Inducing Capacity in Myeloid Dendritic Cells Requires Environmental Instruction
J. Immunol., May 1, 2000; 164(9): 4507 - 4512.
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G. Carra, F. Gerosa, and G. Trinchieri
Biosynthesis and Posttranslational Regulation of Human IL-12
J. Immunol., May 1, 2000; 164(9): 4752 - 4761.
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H.-G. Fischer, U. Bonifas, and G. Reichmann
Phenotype and Functions of Brain Dendritic Cells Emerging During Chronic Infection of Mice with Toxoplasma gondii
J. Immunol., May 1, 2000; 164(9): 4826 - 4834.
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C. E. Demeure, H. Tanaka, V. Mateo, M. Rubio, G. Delespesse, and M. Sarfati
CD47 Engagement Inhibits Cytokine Production and Maturation of Human Dendritic Cells
J. Immunol., February 15, 2000; 164(4): 2193 - 2199.
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S. Nakagawa, C. W. Koomen, J. D. Bos, and M. B. M. Teunissen
Differential Modulation of Human Epidermal Langerhans Cell Maturation by Ultraviolet B Radiation
J. Immunol., November 15, 1999; 163(10): 5192 - 5200.
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R. Bianchi, U. Grohmann, C. Vacca, M. L. Belladonna, M. C. Fioretti, and P. Puccetti
Autocrine IL-12 Is Involved in Dendritic Cell Modulation Via CD40 Ligation
J. Immunol., September 1, 1999; 163(5): 2517 - 2521.
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P. Kalinski, J. H. N. Schuitemaker, C. M. U. Hilkens, E. A. Wierenga, and M. L. Kapsenberg
Final Maturation of Dendritic Cells Is Associated with Impaired Responsiveness to IFN-{gamma} and to Bacterial IL-12 Inducers: Decreased Ability of Mature Dendritic Cells to Produce IL-12 During the Interaction with Th Cells
J. Immunol., March 15, 1999; 162(6): 3231 - 3236.
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BloodHome page
C.G. Begley and N.A. Nicola
Resolving Conflicting Signals: Cross Inhibition of Cytokine Signaling Pathways
Blood, March 1, 1999; 93(5): 1443 - 1447.
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